Culture
My unique Heritage Day
2 months ago
South Africa is a rich and diverse land, with many cultures making up our beautiful rainbow nation. Heritage Day, commemorated on 24 September each year, is a perfect way to celebrate the wealth of customs and cultures of our people. Each year, South Africans from all walks of life enjoy the public holiday by dressing…
Culture
TikTok Love Tests: More Harmful Than Helpful?
5 months ago
Do you ever question if your partner truly loves you? In the past year or so, there has been a massive increase in TikTok trends that "pretend" to "test" a partner's devotion or the quality of a couple's relationship. Generally, TikTok relationship tests are done with their partner while making a video and posting the…
Culture
Content Copycat: The Culinary Clash Between Chefs Onezwa Mbola and Nara Smith
5 months ago
TikTok and Twitter have been burning for the last week or so with absolute drama, remarks, and FIRE because of South African Eastern Cape-based chef and content creator Onezwa Mbola and US-based chef, model and content creator Nara Smith. Smith is a Lesotho-German fashion model who was born in Bloemfontein. Both chefs have amassed sizable…
Did you know?
Get to know the duo behind Matric Live!
6 months ago
Matric Live, is the flagship product of SAADC (Pty)ltd, an EdTech-focused software startup founded by Lesego Finger and later joined by Kagisho Masae. The company is on a mission to level the playing field for under-resourced children in South Africa. Finger's inspiration for starting an EdTech company came when he finished his final (Matric) year…
Did you know?
Why we dream
a year ago
Have you ever woken up in the morning after the most perfect date night on top of the Eiffel Tower only to become disappointed to realize it was just another dream? Or perhaps you’ve experienced the reverse, waking up in the middle of the night with your heart thumping and sheets wet with sweat, only…
Did you know?
Did You Know? Jay-Z is Hip-Hop's first billionaire
a year ago
From a controversial past, to releasing multi-platinum albums, winning multiple awards and marrying Beyonce, Jay-Z can now add being a billionaire to his ever growing list of achievements. Shawn Corey Carter, known by his stage name ‘Jay-Z’ has officially become a billionaire, according to an article by Forbes magazine. Jay-Z grew up in the Marcy…
Digital Literacy
Turning Pages with Your Ears
2 months ago
In recent years, the world of reading has changed. Where once physical books were the dominant medium, audiobooks are now rapidly becoming the go-to choice for many. This shift from the traditional to the auditory is more than a trend—it reflects our fast-paced, multitasking world. But what about audiobooks makes them so appealing, and could…
Digital Literacy
AI in Africa
2 months ago
Artificial intelligence has grown immensely popular in the last few years, heralded as both the threat to our humanity and the answer to our most basic problems. But is it truly here to solve our issues, or is the hype clouding our judgement? Narratives surrounding this technology are threefold. Firstly, AI is posed as a…
Digital Literacy
Smart Clicks
8 months ago
I know what you’re thinking. “Here we go again, another post about not giving out my bank pin”. As someone who has navigated the internet since childhood, I understand how digital privacy can feel instinctive to us – the young digital natives. We know the drill: don't share personal info with unknown callers, guard your…
Digital Literacy
Hope Shines
8 months ago
In today's digital age, access to technology and online platforms is no longer just a luxury but a necessity. This remains a significant, ever-increasing barrier to education and employment for South African youth. With platforms like LinkedIn, the job recruitment process is only moving closer to being completely online and educational resources are becoming more…
Digital Literacy
Chatbots: Friends or Foes?
10 months ago
Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots have become an integral part of our daily lives in today's tech-savvy world. These digital companions have gained immense popularity and play a significant role in how we interact with technology. But as AI chatbots continue to evolve, it's essential to explore the question: Can an AI chatbot be your best…
Digital Literacy
Finding love in the digital age
a year ago
I don’t know about you, but I know I have gone through some rough breakups. I was 14, and, I will admit, this was before the days of Instagram and Tinder. I had the biggest crush on one of the boys in my class. He played rugby, he was cute, he was rich, and he…
Digital Literacy
Can AI give you superpowers?
a year ago
Imagine a world where computers can think, learn, and make decisions like humans. Sounds like something from a Science Fiction movie, right? Wrong! This is what is happening right now in 2023, with Artificial Intelligence also known as AI. If you have never heard of AI, don’t worry, you’re not alone. My young sister-in-law, Noku,…
Foodie
From Bubble tea to Corn dogs
2 years ago
Have you noticed how Korean culture is everywhere right now? From K-Pop to skincare, it seems like everyone is obsessed with all things Korean. So, I decided to jump on the bandwagon and try some popular Korean food to see if the hype is real. Now, let me tell you, Korean food is not for…
Foodie
Owami Mhlongo: Putting your heart on a plate
2 years ago
Twenty-year-old Owami Mhlongo grew up in Pinetown KZN. She describes her childhood as having been “rocky” and this resulted in her spending a lot of time with her aunt and grandmother. It is from here though that she traces her love of food.  Now a practitioner in a fine-dining establishment, her earliest food memories are…
Foodie
Some yummy chocolate facts
2 years ago
As a child growing up chocolate used to be such a luxury to taste or buy. The only time we could have it at my house was on the social grant day. My granny would wake up early to avoid the long lines and on her way back home she would buy the biggest chocolate…
Gents
The Gentleman's Renaissance
6 months ago
“gentleman” noun (pl. gentlemen) a man who is polite and well educated, who has excellent manners and always behaves well Thank you—you're a real gentleman. He's no gentleman!” Oxford dictionary What are the core qualities of a gentleman? A gentleman is respectful, he’s confident and embraces his imperfections. He carries a mindset of equality, he's…
Gents
Navigating Men's Body
2 years ago
Hey guys, let's talk about the pressure to look good for men. We all know how it feels to scroll through social media and see images of guys with abs for days and chiselled biceps. But then, we're told that it's okay to have a #dadbod and not worry about our physique. So, what's the…
Gents
Breaking the Silence
2 years ago
The recent shooting of South African rapper AKA has spotlighted the pervasive levels of violence in the country, particularly towards young black men. The shooting dredged up memories of my experience with gun violence a few years ago. I remember feeling scared, confused, and powerless at that moment, and the emotions have stuck with me…
Girl Talk
How to Kiss
2 weeks ago
The first time I kissed someone was on a dare. We were in grade 7, and all my friends had already had their first kiss. I really didn’t want to go to High School, never having been kissed. One day after class, my best friends, my crush and I were sitting outside on the field…
Girl Talk
PATTY
3 months ago
Ek haal my sunglasses af om vesieke te maak ek sien reg. Daai's mos Patty wat soe innie vlak branders rol. Nogals in ‘n zebra print bikini. Ek dog sy’s 'n never-nude. Sy’s gewoonlik toegekap. Sy’s altyd gelayered met jerseys, jackets en doekies, even oppie waremste dae. Patty moet sieke my gaze gevoelet wan sy…
Girl Talk
Embracing the Cycle
3 months ago
The menstrual cycle (or period) is a beautiful stage of life that every woman experiences. It can be quite scary at first but you are not alone. I remember my first period. It was at the end of Grade 8. Early one morning at school I felt strange cramps in my stomach. I carried on…
Health
10 Things to Know About Your Vagina
4 months ago
When I was a toddler, we lived in a yellow painted house in Steenberg, Cape Town.We had a neighbour who was about my age, and he would come over to play. On one of these occasions, he uttered the inevitable toddler words: 'show me yours and I'll show you mine'. After a quick calculation of…
Health
The Gold Inside a Plant-based Diet
4 months ago
So what foods should we eat on a daily? Health nutritionist, wellness coach and Nurse, Kellie Bowman. The daughter of the late renowned herbalist Dr Sebi (the man who cured diseases by using plant based foods) carries on her father's legacy by educating people about the importance and health benefits of a plant-based diet. Through…
Health
From Pain to Peace: A Fibromyalgia Survivor's Guide to the Now Moment
5 months ago
When I was 30 years old, I felt like my life was just starting to thrive. I was happy in my career as a B.Ed. Foundation Phase Teacher. I am a mother of two wonderful children and have a loving husband. I had everything I ever dreamed about. Then, my doctor diagnosed me with Fibromyalgia.…
How to
How to Have Difficult Conversations
7 days ago
What do you do when you fear conflict and dread tough conversations? As difficult as they are, it's important to have them. Even when it hurts, speaking our truth and setting boundaries are essential for growth and flourishing in our lives. Below, I will take you through some tips that have helped me navigate tricky…
How to
Write Right
2 months ago
Just under a year ago, my blogging journey with Fundza began - a journey that transformed my understanding of writing. Initially, I had a basic grasp of putting words together, but the art of crafting a compelling blog was still a mystery to me. Each day, I dedicated myself to refining my writing skills, diving…
How to
Immune-boosting natural remedies
a year ago
It has been cold, really cold, and now more than ever we experience symptoms of flu or the common cold. So, how do we combat them? Going to the doctor can be expensive and sitting for hours at the day hospital is no one’s idea of fun. If you are not seriously ill, and just…
Life Advice
Help me, I’m changing!
4 months ago
Puberty… What is it and why is it so confusing? You have probably heard your teachers or parents throw this word around so casually that it feels like a joke to them, therefore they do not have to take your feelings seriously. But the fact is, that’s not true. In easily understandable terms it is…
Life Advice
The Price of Silence - Why We Must Speak Against Human Trafficking
5 months ago
As Blue Campaign defines, human trafficking involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labour or commercial sex act. While traffickers might use different methods, the most noticeable methods to lure victims into trafficking situations are violence, manipulation, false promises of well-paying jobs and romantic relationships. Like many stories shared…
Life Advice
What Comic Characters Teach Us
a year ago
When I was just a young comic book enthusiast, I was captivated by the awe-inspiring heroes and their unwavering dedication to using their extraordinary powers for the greater good. Like Uncle Ben wisely told Peter, the iconic Spider-Man, "With great power comes great responsibility." Witnessing these heroes embrace their responsibility ignited a deep admiration within…
Mindspace
How to Mend a Broken Heart: Surviving the First Month of Heartbreak
2 weeks ago
The first month after the end of a relationship may seem impossible to get through. After having recently gone through a breakup myself, those initial four weeks are some of the hardest days to get through. Here are three core approaches you can implement immediately into your life to keep yourself afloat amidst the all-consuming…
Mindspace
Why Being a Relationship Virgin is Nothing to Fear
2 weeks ago
The term "relationship virgin" refers to individuals who have never been in a romantic relationship. When it comes to romantic relationships, there are two kinds of relationship virgins: voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary relationship virgins deliberately avoid romantic commitments, often due to reasons like being selective, valuing independence, or other personal factors. Involuntary relationship virgins, on…
Mindspace
Beat Exam Stress: Your Guide to Surviving Finals
3 weeks ago
The year 2024 is nearly at its conclusion, with high school, college, and university students burning the midnight oil in pursuit of their best possible grades. For many, especially matriculants writing their National Senior Certificate exams, this time represents a challenging yet pivotal moment in their academic journeys. The pressure to succeed can feel overwhelming,…
Money Matters
How to Start a Startup
6 days ago
What is a startup? According to investopedia, a startup is defined as a company in its early stages of operations. Founded by entrepreneurs who want to develop a product or service they believe is in-demand and hopefully underserved.   What does it do? Basically it's a new company working to solve a pain problem or…
Money Matters
How to Start Your Start Up
2 months ago
What is a startup? According to investopedia, a startup is defined as a company in its early stages of operations. Founded by entrepreneurs who want to develop a product or service they believe is in-demand and hopefully underserved. What does it do? Basically it's a new company working to solve a pain problem or do…
Money Matters
Job-hunting is whack
6 months ago
“We regret to inform you that you have not obtained this job.” “We will keep your résumé on file should a similar position open up.” “Thank you for taking the time to apply, but we will not be moving forward with you for the recruitment of this job.” If you have received any of the…
Money Matters
350 Degrees or R350: The Heat is On in South Africa
8 months ago
In an intriguing twist of fate, the question of "350ºF or R350" slices through two vastly different worlds - the kitchen and the economic reality of young South Africans. On the one hand, the culinary advice from a 2015 article, “What’s so special about 350 degrees Fahrenheit (350ºF)?” reveals that while baking at 350ºF is…
Money Matters
How Trauma Affects Our Relationship with Money
9 months ago
Growing up poor usually motivates people to work hard and strive for financial stability and security. I find, however, that underneath all this culture of working and overworking lies a reality we do not discuss as a Black community of people who were previously disadvantaged: the impact of childhood trauma on our relationship with money.…
Money Matters
Your Money, Your Future
9 months ago
Understanding the South African Budget Speech It's that time of the year again when the Minister of Finance presents the budget speech. This might seem like just another political event for many young South Africans. But it's more than that – it's about your future, dreams, and the country you'll inherit. What's the Big Deal?…
Money Matters
Stokvels: The Cool Way to Save and Invest with Friends
9 months ago
Let's chat about stokvels – you've probably heard of them, right? In South Africa, they're as common as braais and rugby, but let's dive into what makes stokvels such a cool and smart way to handle money, especially for us younger peeps. Stokvels 101: The Basics A stokvel is like your own mini-community bank, but…
Money Matters
Empowering Dreams
10 months ago
Amidst economic challenges and a staggering unemployment rate of 33% in 2021, where 6 in 10 young people find themselves without a job, particularly among South Africa's youth, a glimmer of hope emerges through the avenue of youth entrepreneurship. Given the persistently high unemployment rates, the need for innovative solutions has never been more urgent.…
People on the move
Curator Phokeng Setai
a year ago
Phokeng is a name to be reckoned with in the art world in South Africa. Hailing from Bloemfontein and at 31 years old, he is a curator in Cape Town and has worked at Zeitz MOCAA, the world-famous art museum in Cape Town. His work is multi-disciplinary, as he recently completed his PhD in Anthropology…
People on the move
Get gaming with Tshepiso
a year ago
Meet Tshepiso Malema, the visionary entrepreneur on a mission to close the technology gap for young people in townships, all through the enchantment of gaming. It all started when he first laid his hands on an Xbox at a friend's place. "I was whisked away to different worlds. Gaming showed me that it can transport…
People on the move
Get to Know Yandisa Peko, Astrophysicist
a year ago
Get ready to swoon over Yandisa Peko, who set Twitter on fire with her jaw-dropping graduation photo and an oh-so-cool caption that read, "UCT Astrophysics and Science Space graduate." We may not all be astrophysicists, but one thing is crystal clear: this field demands some serious brainpower, especially when it comes to subjects like math…
Politics
Will We Ever Stop Talking About Black Tax?
3 days ago
Social media was abuzz some weeks ago when lifestyle influencer, Sabelo the Kreator shared a vlog of his home renovations. In the video, with Thinah Zungu’s testimonial song Thandiwe serenading the viewers, the content creator can be seen through different phases of seeing the renovations come to life—from sourcing the material and crafting what he…
Politics
DIPUO TSA SEAFORIKA, THUTO, LE TSEOKAROLO SEMORUO YA BASHA
2 weeks ago
Nngwe ya dintlha  tsa botlhokwa tse di amang bokamoso  jwa basha ba maAforika, ebile di tshwarelelang lefatshegadi (kontinente) la Aforika morago mo maitekong a lone a go bona kgololosego ya tota ke gore batho ba lefatshegadi leno ke bangwe ba batho mo lefatsheng ba ba sa diriseng dipuo tsa  bone mo ikgolololong le itlhabololo ya…
Politics
“Ban? I Thought You Said Burn!” On Censorship in the Modern Age.
3 weeks ago
Many of my favourite books are banned in several American states. The conversation is about children’s safety, parental paranoia, and the problem of censorship in the modern age. I believe that parents have already had their young years. As much as we are grateful to have them in our lives to impart gems and nuggets…
Politics
Miss SA 2024 and the Xenophobia Storm
3 months ago
Welcome to yet another episode of South Africans being Xenophobic. Surprise surprise. This time, the spotlight is on Chidimma Adetshina, a withdrawn finalist for Miss South Africa 2024, who became the target of xenophobic attacks due to her Nigerian heritage. Oh, South Africans, what will I do with you? Xenophobia, defined as the "dislike of…
Politics
Women’s Day- More Than Just a Public Holiday
4 months ago
Women’s Day in our country is the commemoration of the women who marched to the Union Buildings in protest against the extension of Pass Laws to women on 9 August 1956. Sixty-eight years later and their works have been reduced to passing mentions in speeches and an Instagram post if they’re lucky. Worst still, the…
Politics
We Are Dying Here eKapa
4 months ago
The life of a child is cheap in South Africa, and in the Western Cape it means almost nothing. This year alone, 79 children have already been shot dead, and the count continues. Gangsterism and its effects are not new in Cape Town and so you might be thinking, ‘we already know about this’. A…
Politics
Let Mandela Rest this Mandela Day
4 months ago
As Born-Frees, we are often scathing in our critique of the Rainbow Nation and those who ushered it in. We bemoan and callously deride the works of Nelson Mandela, particularly. "He sold us out. We achieved political freedom but not economic freedom," we say. While these sentiments remain true and are important in our quest…
Politics
GNU: Government of National (Dis)Unity
5 months ago
For the last two weeks, we have been inundated with news and speculation about the proclaimed Government of National Unity, led by the ANC (African National Congress) and nine other political parties. In this article, I will break down some key points you need to know about what this means (and doesn't mean) for us.…
Snapshots
My matric ball
a year ago
The matric dance was a chance for me to make beautiful memories. It's something I will take with me to University or College. It's something I can use to remember my friends, my classmates and my school. At first I was really nervous when I thought about the matric ball. I've never worn a formal…
Snapshots
Tiktok slang for 2023
2 years ago
What makes TikTok aka the clock app unique? It has to be the sense of familiarity as it recognises the smallest of things that we do daily, from skincare to chores or even mannerisms.  TikTok can be both general, but can also be quite niche, which helps people not feel like outsiders or weird for…
Snapshots
Is flirting cheating?
2 years ago
Imagine being on Instagram and seeing a certain post that your partner liked and commented on. The comment is something along the lines of  ‘Beautiful (heart emoji)’. You confront your partner and they don't see anything wrong with what they did, to them it was just harmless flirting with a friend. Was it harmless flirting…
Student Life
Stress, Sleep, Study
2 years ago
As a student and a full-time employee, I know firsthand how difficult it can be to balance the demands of school, work, and personal life. Sometimes I feel like I'm drowning in deadlines and responsibilities, and it can be hard to find the time to just breathe and relax. But I've learned that with some…
Student Life
Tips for Crushing Your University Applications!
2 years ago
Are you ready to kickstart your journey towards higher education and crush your university applications? Whether you're the first in your family to consider university or seek guidance, fear not because we've got you covered. In this article, we'll dive into all the practical tips and resources you need to prepare for university applications like…
Student Life
Unleash the fun: Holiday Activities To Make the Most of Your Time Off School!
2 years ago
It's that time of the year again - school holidays are finally here! It's the perfect time to take a well-deserved break from studying and focus on exploring new interests and learning new things. School holidays are an excellent opportunity to recharge, bond with friends and family, and engage in activities that promote personal growth…
Style Secrets
Skin Cycling
a year ago
In the vast world of beauty and skincare trends, a recent buzz has been around skin cycling. Popularised by dermatologist Dr Whitney Bowe on TikTok, this nighttime skincare routine focuses on using fewer products in a specific way to achieve healthier-looking skin. Let's delve into the routine and explore what experts have to say about…
Style Secrets
Having your best Glow up
a year ago
Have you ever experienced a glow-up? You know, that amazing process of positive personal transformation that involves changes to your appearance and style and even boosts your confidence? It's all about embracing who you are, making healthy changes physically and mentally, and being happy in your own skin. I had the chance to chat with…
Style Secrets
Thrifting or Vintage Shopping?
2 years ago
As a teen or young adult, you might be wondering how you can make a positive impact on the environment while still enjoying fashion. The good news is that there is a growing trend of thrifting and vintage shopping in South Africa that allows you to do just that! One of the biggest benefits of…
Style Secrets
Fashion when we were younger
3 years ago
I think it’s time we take a trip down memory lane.  Do you remember the popular trends of our day, and I’m talking about the early 2000’s here. When we relished jelly pumps –  I remember I had a grey one. Where we pranced around in pumpkin skirts – I owned a pink one and…
Style Secrets
Taking Off in Air Force 1s
3 years ago
I am sure you will agree that the perfect outfit is a game changer and confidence booster – but what’s an outfit without the perfect pair of kicks? Well gents, I come to you kicking like Jackie Chan! The classic Nike Air Force 1s are the perfect shoes for any occasion, and any outfit, and…
Style Secrets
Budget-friendly hair products
3 years ago
Let’s be honest, maintaining curly hair is expensive and that’s why I thought I should compile a list of curly girl products I approve of that won’t stretch your budget. I hope this list makes your natural hair journey a tiny bit easier.   Budget friendly brands: The Perfect Hair Curl Chemistry Iwori Afrodite Organics…
Style Secrets
My washday routine
3 years ago
As A and B we have discussed a lot about hair, from the curly girl method to different hair textures. One thing we have not talked much about is the biggest event of our lives when it comes to hair and that is washday. Plans need to be cancelled, phone calls need to blocked; it…
Style Secrets
Interview outfit etiquette
3 years ago
The pandemic has changed the idea of what a workplace is supposed to look like, people are now working from home. Working on zoom means we don’t have to dress up as we used to when going into the office, you can attend a meeting in sweats as long as they look presentable no one…
Style Secrets
The Curly Girl Method
3 years ago
Welcome back to Style Secrets with A & B! We know that we’ve been gone for ages but we’re back in full swing and can’t wait to share our hair and fashion journeys with you. Since starting this curly journey I’ve come across the term Curly Girl Method (CGM) and I wasn’t sure what it…
Style Secrets
Natural hair types
3 years ago
Welcome back to Style Secrets with A & B! Since starting my curly transition journey I’ve learnt that hair actually has a type, which I never really knew before. I’ve always just either thought of my hair as curly, wavy or damaged; I now know otherwise. Here is a simple hair type breakdown: - Type…
Style Secrets
Our must-have winter essentials
3 years ago
Welcome back to Style Secrets with A & B Food for thought: Style is not fashion, style is not a trend, and style is personal to you. I know it’s been a minute since we posted our last blog, but we promise to be consistent from now on. We will be posting after every two…
Style Secrets
Style Secrets on natural hair
3 years ago
So let’s talk about natural hair. Let’s be honest, the entire natural hair process can be very daunting and tiring, but don’t worry, I’m here to help you every step of the way. Please do remember that I’m no expert, nor is Busie, we are simply sharing the knowledge we have gained over time to…
Style Secrets
Style Secrets with A & B
3 years ago
“Busi why on earth do you need to buy five bags all at once?” my friend, Amber asked. “Five bags is not even enough, sis,” I said laughing. *** Hi there, Welcome to Style Secrets. My name is Busiswa Mahonono, some of you may be familiar with my work from blogs like Did You Know…
Word Of the Week
New year, new me
2 years ago
So it’s that time of the year again. You know, the time when you hear many people say, “New year, me.” It is very common to start a new year's resolution on this day. This can be to give something up, like sweets or chocolate, so you can be healthier. Example scenarios: “This year is…
Word Of the Week
Ukwaluka
2 years ago
It's that time of the year when boys become men, this traditionally happened between the ages of 16 and 26, though for health and safety concerns the South African government made it illegal for a boy under the age of 18 to go to initiations school. The ceremony is when mothers can show off their…
Word Of the Week
Slay, not sleigh
2 years ago
I’m sure you’ve heard or even read in the comment section on social media when girls or women praise each other by saying, “Slay, queen!” According to Dictionary.com slay, in this particular context, means, “to do something spectacularly well,” especially when it comes to fashion, artistic performance, or self-confidence.” Example scenarios: When your bestie posts…
Work-Wise
Her Name is Mbali Nhlapho, and She’s a Housekeeper
5 months ago
With her sweet catchphrase, “My name is Mbali Nhlapho, and I’m a housekeeper”, captivating audiences, the charismatic 40-year-old uses TikTok and other online networks to share cleaning tips with audiences. In her videos, Mbali often uses everyday household products, such as vinegar, lemons, toothpaste, and bicarbonate of soda, to remove stains, get rid of bugs,…
Work-Wise
Work Etiquette
a year ago
Starting a new job can be stressful, and once you’ve gone through the interview process, things can seem a little bit easier. But you should be mindful of how you conduct yourself at work. There are some things that may not be wise to share at work, there are some things that may not be…
Work-Wise
Young and Unemployed
a year ago
In the challenging landscape of youth unemployment, Tasneem Eckardt, a 23-year-old from Mitchell's Plain, finds herself among the countless young individuals grappling with the daunting task of securing employment, particularly with no prior work experience fresh out of high school. According to the latest data from StatsSA's Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) for the first…